考點(diǎn)分類練(五)　推理判斷題——隱含信息類A(2021·山東濰坊一模)Toimproveahighschooler’schanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogrammesallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgramme(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogrammeallowinghighschoolfreshmenfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogrammeaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhiletheyarelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfreeexceptforthetransportation.ClarkScholarProgramme(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingwithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmenandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected—participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospects.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnicaldegrees.2.WhichprogrammeissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP.　　　　　　　　B.MITES.C.CSP.D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprogrammes?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.B(2021·山東濟(jì)南高考診斷性測(cè)試)Mostteenagersarestilltryingtofindtheirpassionandpurposesinlife.However,notGitanjaliRao.Thegirlhasbeencomingupwithinnovativesolutionstoworldwideproblemssinceshewasten.Itis,therefore,notsurprisingthattheteenagerhaswonthehonourof“America’sTopYoungScientist”.Inthethirdgrade,Raowasinspiredtobuildadeviceafterwitnessingtheshockingstoryunfold inFlint,Michigan,wherecost-cuttingmeasuresledtotheuseofapollutedriverasthecity’sprimarywatersupplyandincrediblyhighlevelsofleadmadeitswayintopeople’sdrinkingwater.Aftertwomonths’research,Raodesignedasmallandportabledevicethatusedsensorstoinstantlydetectleadinwater.CalledTethys,itattachestoacellphoneandinformstheresidentsviaanappiftheirdrinkingwatercontainslead.Thedesignearnedherthe3MYoungScientistChallengein2017.SheiscurrentlyworkingwithscientistsandmedicalprofessionalstotestTethys’potentialandhopesthedevicewillbereadyforcommercialuseinthenearfuture.Later,Raotookonanothersocialissue—drugaddiction.Herapp,calledEpione,whichwonaprizeinMay2019,isdesignedtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadultsbeforeit’stoolate.Morerecently,theteenagerhasdevelopedanappnamedKindly,whichusesartificialintelligencetechnologytodetectpossiblesignsofcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌).Whenuserstypeinawordorphrase,Kindlyisabletopickitupifit’sbullying,andthenitgivestwooptions.Itgivesthemthechancetorethinkwhattheyaresayingsothattheyknowwhattodonexttime.4.WhatgaveRaotheideaofinventingthedeviceTethys?A.Theincidentofleadpollution.B.Theissuewithdrugaddiction.C.Theshortageofwatersupplies.D.Thehighcostofpurifyingwater.5.WhatwillKindlyallowuserstodo?A.Receivepre-warningsignalsofthreat.B.Inputwordsintoacomputerautomatically.C.Choosefromsecuresocialnetworkingsites.D.Weightheirwordsbeforepostingthemonline.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGitanjaliRaoasayoungscientist?A.Ambitiousandhumble.B.Optimisticandadventurous.C.Talkativeandoutstanding.D.Creativeandproductive.C(2021·山西太原高三二模)Sometimeago,inmyclassIwasabouttofailastudentforhisanswertoaphysicsquestionwhenthestudentclaimedhedeservedabetterscore.“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer(氣壓計(jì)).”Thestudenthadanswered,“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerthebarometertothestreet,andthenbringitup,measuringthelengthoftherope.Thelengthoftheropeistheheightofthebuilding.”Iarguedthatahighgradeshouldprovehiscompetenceinphysics,buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis.Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately,heworkedouthisanswer:Asecondbestwayistotakethebarometertothetopofthebuilding.Dropthebarometer,timingitsfallwithastopwatch.Then,usingtheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU-turninmyteachingphilosophy.Igavehimfullmarks. Onhisleavingmyoffice,Irecalledthathesuggestedtherecouldbeabetteranswer.SoIaskedhimwhatitwas.“Oh,yes,”saidthestudent,“Therearemanyways.Probablythebest,”hesaid,“istotakethebarometertothebasementandaskthesuperintendent(管理人).Youspeaktohimasfollows:MrSuperintendent,hereIhaveafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthisbuilding,Iwillgiveittoyou.”Atthispoint,Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors’tryingtoteachhimhowtothink,andtousetheso-called“scientificmethod”.Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner,notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.Hearingthis,Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake,feelingthankfulthatIhadn’tfailedhiminthefirstplace.7.Whydidtheauthorwanttofailthestudentinthefirstplace?A.Thestudentchallengedhisauthority.B.Thestudent’sanswerwasnotpractical.C.Thestudentdidn’tshowhisacademicability.D.Thestudenthadapoorperformanceinphysicsclass.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’snewteachingphilosophy?A.Withoutlove,thereisnoeducation.B.Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.C.Teachingistomaketwoideasgrowwhereonlyonegrewbefore.D.Youcanleadyourhorsetotheriver,butyoucan’tmakeitdrink.9.Whatmadethestudentabandontheconventionalanswer?A.Lackofphysics-relatedknowledge.B.Ignoranceoftheteacher’sexpectation.C.Intentiontodeeplyimpresshisteacher.D.Disapprovalofexistingteachingconcepts.10.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thesuperintendentwasagreedyperson.B.Schooleducationrestrictedthisstudent’sthinking.C.Theteacherappreciatedthestudent’sanswersfinally.D.Theexaminationquestionisatoughphysicsproblem.考點(diǎn)分類練(五)　推理判斷題——隱含信息類【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)幫助學(xué)生做好上大學(xué)準(zhǔn)備的暑期項(xiàng)目。1.B　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thisweek-longprogrammeaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhiletheyarelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.”可知,MITES有望為職業(yè)前景打下基礎(chǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)。2.C　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperience...overfourintenseweeks.”可知,CSP課程適合最多有5周課余時(shí)間的英 國(guó)高中生。故選C項(xiàng)。3.C　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Toimproveahighschooler’schanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogrammesallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.”并結(jié)合文章主要介紹的四個(gè)暑期項(xiàng)目可知,這些項(xiàng)目的共同目標(biāo)是讓參與者為上大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備。故選C項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】必背單詞①tasten.體驗(yàn);嘗試②freshmann.(大學(xué)一年級(jí))新生③interpersonaladj.人際的④engineeringn.工程;工程學(xué)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊⑤communityresponsibility社會(huì)責(zé)任⑥gainhands-onresearchexperience獲得實(shí)際研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)⑦participatein參加精彩句式⑧It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.它是完全免費(fèi)的,包括學(xué)費(fèi)、書費(fèi)甚至旅行費(fèi)?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。青少年發(fā)明家GitanjaliRao從10歲開始就一直在為解決世界問(wèn)題而想出各種創(chuàng)新的方案,文章主要介紹了她的三個(gè)發(fā)明及她所獲得的榮譽(yù)。4.A　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,鉛污染事件使得Rao萌生了發(fā)明Tethys裝置的想法。故選A項(xiàng)。5.D　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Whenuserstypeinawordorphrase,Kindlyisabletopickitupifit’sbullying,andthenitgivestwooptions.Itgivesthemthechancetorethinkwhattheyaresayingsothattheyknowwhattodonexttime.”可知,Kindly能夠讓用戶在發(fā)表自己的話語(yǔ)之前,先衡量下他們的話語(yǔ)是否合適。故選D項(xiàng)。6.D　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inthethirdgrade,RaowasinspiredtobuildadeviceafterwitnessingtheshockingstoryunfoldinFlint,Michigan...”可知,Rao是富有創(chuàng)造力的;再根據(jù)她發(fā)明的Tethys,Epione,Kindly并結(jié)合第一段的“Thegirlhasbeencomingupwithinnovativesolutionstoworldwideproblemssinceshewasten.”可知,她是一位多產(chǎn)的發(fā)明家。故選D項(xiàng)?！編湍阃刂R(shí)】必背單詞①incrediblyadv.令人難以置信;極其②(熟詞生義)leadn.鉛③instantlyadv.立刻;馬上④professionaln.專業(yè)人士;專家精彩句式⑤Itis,therefore,notsurprisingthattheteenagerhaswonthehonour.因此,這位少年獲得這個(gè)榮譽(yù)并不令人驚訝。 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一名老師,前段時(shí)間因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)學(xué)生的物理題的答案不正確而打算給他不及格,但這個(gè)學(xué)生給出了不同的答案,這讓作者的教學(xué)哲學(xué)發(fā)生了很大的轉(zhuǎn)變。7.C　解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Sometimeago,inmyclassIwasabouttofailastudentforhisanswertoaphysicsquestionwhenthestudentclaimedhedeservedabetterscore.”和第三段的第一句可知,作者一開始想讓這個(gè)學(xué)生不及格是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)學(xué)生沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出他的學(xué)術(shù)能力。故選C項(xiàng)。8.C　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately,heworkedouthisanswer...Then,usingtheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”和第四段的“Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU-turninmyteachingphilosophy.”以及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這名學(xué)生的不同答案啟發(fā)作者可以有更好的解答方式,所以作者新的教學(xué)哲學(xué)應(yīng)是“教學(xué)就是在以前只有一個(gè)思想的地方,讓兩個(gè)思想生長(zhǎng)”。故選C項(xiàng)。9.D　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors’tryingtoteachhimhowtothink...Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner,notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.”可知,因?yàn)椴毁澇涩F(xiàn)有的教學(xué)觀念,這個(gè)學(xué)生放棄了傳統(tǒng)的答案。故選D項(xiàng)。10.C　解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Hearingthis,Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake,feelingthankfulthatIhadn’tfailedhiminthefirstplace.”可推知,老師最終對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)生的回答表示贊賞。故選C項(xiàng)。【幫你拓知識(shí)】必背單詞①timev.計(jì)時(shí)②stopwatchn.秒表重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)塊③befedupwith...厭煩……④inthefirstplace當(dāng)初